death in a rose for emily essays

death in a rose for emily essays The topic of death in a Rose for Emily, a short tragic story written by William Faulkner that took place in the southern town of Jefferson in the beginning of the twentief century. Miss Emily Grierson, who is the subject of a towns obsession.The narrator, a member of the town, tells the story of what transpires in decaying old southern house that is always under the watchful eye of the towns people. They witness Miss Emilys life, her father death,her turn to insanity and the death of both her and her lover. However, it is important to establish wath is the plot and the character and the theme in the story. They can help us to develop the topic about death in a Rose for Emily. First,the plot in this story that is simple. It begins with the Miss Emilys funeral in wich all the people went, and its the end of a decaying of all since her father died, the houses and Miss Emilys illness. The next part of the plot is when Miss Emily was alive. The narrator talks about her characteristics, behaviour and Miss Emilys conceptions about her life, taking into account that she had a tradition, a hereditary obligation ruled by her father and the colonel sartoris. Then, we can establish the following sequence in the facts that talk about Miss Emilys changes such as attitude in front of the people because the story talks about the temerity that ladies had to call her, and her status as a 30 years single woman. The towns people thoughts about Miss Emily such as Poor Emily, and all the things which talk about her decaying life because she took options for killing herself using poison. The last part of the plot is about M ...

How to Handle Awkward Situations at Work

How to Handle Awkward Situations at Work It’s always nice to get as friendly as you can with the people you’ll spend so much of your waking adult life working alongside. But building personal relationships at work can create a few sticky situations. Here are a few of them, and what to do when you find yourself in trouble. 1.  When You Get Promoted and Your Coworker Doesn’tYou get one, your friend in the same position doesn’t. Now there’s resentment and a new power dynamic to negotiate. You can’t share your work drama with the same abandon anymore, because you’re in different roles. The kind of belly-aching you’re accustomed to is no longer appropriate. Also be prepared to withstand some initial resentment.Either way, it’s best to talk about it once out in the open. Be proactive. Address the aspects of your relationship that have to change according to your work functions, but emphasize what aspects of your friendship do not have to change. Check in, be humble, and be honest. It’ll help you both navigate the new situation if you’re still on the same page and can express some solidarity.2. When  You Become Friends With Your BossYou and your boss have become close outside of work. You get in a fight. It makes things†¦ awkward at the office. This is normal. All friends fight. The only tricky bit is not compromising either of your jobs. Keep things civil and professional, and try not to be too defensive. If it’s a minor thing, take a bit of distance, cool off, then send an olive branch email to smooth it over. If it’s major, make it clear that it will not impact your daily office routines, but make a plan to chat outside the office after work.3. When You want Skip Out on a Social EventYour coworker wants you to double date! Fun, right!? But you don’t want to. That’s totally fine. You’re under no obligation to do so. Trouble is, turning it down can be a little tricky. You’ll want t o be as firm as possible, without being mean. When in doubt, try to downshift. Say you’re super busy and would prefer to have some one-on-one time, maybe coffee or lunch! Eventually, she’ll get the hint.4. When You’re  Fighting With Your CoworkerThis is the same as fighting with your boss, just that the stakes are slightly lower. Though you also have the potential to damage the other’s reputation in the office. Be careful not let the fight spill over into the work day and make either of you act unprofessionally. Otherwise, the same rules apply.5.When  You Don’t Want to Make Friends With EveryoneYou’re close with a couple of your coworkers, but not another. You’re under no obligation to let this other coworker into your clique. People have the right to chose their friends and you are not required to be friends with people just because you work together. But do be sensitive to the feelings of the person you are not including. Avoid talking about all the fun stuff you and your pals are going to do in front of this other coworker. It’s the kind way to behave.6.  When You Don’t Fit in at WorkIf you’re the one on the outside of the cool kids clique at work, don’t worry. It doesn’t say anything about you necessarily. And you certainly shouldn’t take it personally. Be warm and civil with your coworkers, and then divert your friendship-forging attention elsewhere. Make sure you maintain an active and fulfilling social life outside of the office so you don’t get discouraged by not being part of the crowd. The upside here is that you’ll focus more on your work and not be as easily distracted by office banter.7. When You Overhear Hurtful GossipYou overhear your coworkers talking about you behind your back. Resist the temptation to throttle them. You don’t have to confront them, but you shouldn’t hide and pretend you didn’t hear either. Take t ime to cool off and give them the space to do the adult thing and apologize. If they don’t, they’re probably not worth talking to.8. When Your Coworkers are Mooching Off of YouAre you always paying for the coffee trip? The happy hour round? Rather than quietly resenting this state of affairs, give your coworkers the benefit of the doubt and the opportunity to set things right. Try saying, â€Å"Hey, you mind grabbing this round? I got the last few.† Or something equally casual. It’s awkward the first couple of times, but you’ll be glad you got better at asking. It’s better than slowly going broke!

Management Functions of (whatever company you desire that makes it Essay

Management Functions of (whatever company you desire that makes it easier for you) - Essay Example cruiting, developing and rewarding individuals which comes under the function of Staffing while Directing is taken to be the process of influencing employees’ behavior through communication, motivation, leadership and discipline. The purpose of Controlling is setting the performance bar for not only the employees but also the company’s objectives and actual accomplishments. Even a successful conglomerate such as General Electric (GE) with more than 300,000 employees engaged in 11 technology, services and financial businesses across 160 countries has been focusing and improving on these basic management functions for almost 130 years and continues till date (GE, 2006). It is these very functions that have brought them the success and appreciation which is seen today (Colvin, 2006). For all aspects of management and the basic principles which a company follows as it conducts its business, a mission statement is quite important (Hellriegel, 2004). GE does not have a stereotypical vision/mission statement to consider as part of their planning function. They appear to believe very strongly in what they call ‘company values’ which is a combined vision-mission statement stated as imagine, solve, build and lead (GE, 2006). These four values interconnect with each other and help build products/services which are winners (Welch, 2005). A vision cannot be complete if it does not have leadership and the management functions of GE emphasize good leadership very strongly. GE Commercial Finance, Infrastructure, Healthcare, Industrial, Consumer Finance and NBC Universal make up the six broad-based industry segments to put together their combined 11 organizations. To name just a few, the GE divisions offer several consumer and commercial financing programs, water, aviation, medical information technologies, television channels and other entertainment to meet an array of human needs worldwide (GE, 2006). The organization of these business areas would not have been

Recycling E-waste An Essential Solution to a Growing Problem in Essay

Recycling E-waste An Essential Solution to a Growing Problem in Clayton County, Georgia - Essay Example There is a shortage of existing programs and resources dedicated to such recycling and proper disposal" (Georgia General Assembly). There are hardly a few recognized, licensed re-cycling agents for electronic goods in Georgia. This is a proposal from EFEWROPS or the "Environment Friendly Electronic Waste Recycle Options" - a non-profit organization with registered body volunteers (with plans to take in two paid workers), who possess the knowledge and expertise required for careful handling and re-cycle of electronic waste materials. This body aims to offer useful, qualitative service in the much needed arena of electronic-re-cycling by providing 1) on-site inspection services, 2) free-consultations regarding recycle options, 3) more collection centers, as well as 4) adding one more electronic re-cycling unit in Clayton County, Georgia, at a total approximate cost of $ 30,000 with aid from Solid Waste Trust Fund Program, Georgia DCA and philanthropists and private donors. In a report titled "Is a PC landfill tax inevitable" Declan McCullagh (cnet.com 2005) cites the California Democrat Mike Thompson stating that, the about 3000 tons of obsolete electronic items were trown away in the United States, everyday. Electronic discards affects the Clayton community in two important ways a) the availability of space in landfills and warehouses for storing the discarded products, b) the environment because of the potential leak of toxins such as lead, chromium, and mercury into the atmosphere c) water contamination too may take place as the toxins dissolve in landfills (Research from University of Florida cited in Pilot Project 2003, p.2). Environmental Protection Agency has reported that the lead, cadmium, the hexa-valent chromium, found in CRTs cpabale of causing nervous problems and mental retardation in children, are carcinogenic, and may cause high blood pressure (Meyer, El Ella, & Young 2004, p.1). Fortunately for Georgia, there has been no contamination of groundwater due to electronic materials wasting away in landfills (Pilot Project 2003, p.3). However, in a bid to prevent such occurrence, the General Assembly of Georgia has reckoned the necessity to include in the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Act, "to develop and assist in the establishment of pilot programs and ongoing programs for the recycling and proper disposal of computer equipment." (Code Section 12-8-33.1) It is the aim of EFEWROPS to join hands with the state, with the support of the community to take positive preventive measures to minimize pollution and all its related problems. This program is necessary because, it is likely to affect the health of 267,966 people (Wikipedia 2007) - the population of Clayton County (2005 Census estimate, see Table 1). One of the County Council member has kindly agreed to make available his old warehouse in Jonesboro, for the good cause, until a permanent place is fixed with the help of the concerned authorities. While other parts of Georgia like the Hall County, Floyd County and Athens-Clarke County have been covered by the

Time Warner Beta Essay Example for Free

Time Warner Beta Essay Introduction – Definition of Beta Beta, which is represented by the Greek symbol, is also denoted as the Beta Coefficient and is identified as the slope of the linear regression of the portfolio in which within a specific period or point served as benchmark. (Risk Management,) Beta is the assessment of the market risk or ‘volatility’ of the stock. With this, it may help investors to make the right decisions when investing stocks because of some fluctuations in price of the stocks. (Beta: Gauging Price Fluctuations, July 29, 2005) Volatility which is the measure of the uncertainty or risks accompanied in investing due to fluctuation of the prices is determined its relativity by approximating its Beta. Volatility is associated with security’s value which means that when the investment is said to having a higher volatility, there is a bigger potential of security’s value for expansion over a larger range. Thus implying that within a shorter period of time, price of the security can vary significantly. On the contrary, a lower volatility insinuates that the fluctuation in security’s value is unnoticeable; however there are small alterations of the value within a stable range of time. (Volatility,) With that, Beta being the measurement of volatility, it offers meaningful significance to the market risk compared to the greater market. Furthermore, Beta is used for comparison along with the other stock, estimating the overall volatility of the return of the security in contradiction of the return in the market. Computation of Beta ÃŽ ²   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In investment and finance, Beta is the connection or the coefficient of a portfolio or an individual stock in contrast to the market all together. So as to compute for the beta, the regression analysis is used. The Beta of an asset is calculated using the formula: where in, ra is the gauge of yield profit of the asset; and rp is the evaluation of the rate of the yield profit of the portfolio of which the asset is a component. (Beta Coefficient,) Furthermore, the cost equity of a company can be projected using the Capital Asset Pricing Model in which the operation of equity beta of the company and again, equity beta is the operation of both the weight and asset risk. This is calculated using the formula: where in, KE is the cost of equity of the company, RF is the rate of return on a risk free investment also known as the risk-free rate, RM is the market portfolio return, and ÃŽ ²E is the equity beta which is computed: which is derived from this formula: , and the formula of a Firm Value (V) Firm Value (V) = Debt Value (D) + Equity Value (E)(Beta Coefficient,)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Applying this entire concept in chosen business which is the Time Warner, the world’s largest media company, had beta of greater than 1 which indicates that the price of security will be more volatile than the market. This means that the investors accept the additional risk accompanied to attain the possibility of more rewards. The Time Warner had a fixed exchange rate during their merger with the AOL. The conditions contain include the 1.5 shares of AOL Time Warner would be given to the Time Warner for each share their stock and America Online shareholders will get one share of AOL Time Warner stock for every share of stocks that the America Online owns.(Dignan, 10 Jan 2000 ) Using the Charts in Beta, investors could observe the fluctuations and changes in the charts, its opening, closing prices and the high and low points in a specific period of time (Time Warner Inc.,). References Beta Coefficient [Electronic Version]. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://www.answers.com/Beta. Beta: Gauging Price Fluctuations [Electronic (July 29, 2005). Version]. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/01/102401.asp. Dignan, L. (10 Jan 2000 ). AOL, Time Warner tout broadband future, synergy [Electronic Version]. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://news.zdnet.co.uk/itmanagement/0,1000000308,2076198,00.htm. Risk Management [Electronic Version]. Retrieved May 22, 2007 from http://www.tradetrek.com/Education/risk_management.asp. Time Warner Inc. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved May 24, 2007 from http://finance.yahoo.com/charts#chart1:symbol=twx;range=1d;indicator=volume;charttype=line;crosshair=on;logscale=on;source=undefined. Volatility [Electronic Version]. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://www.answers.com/volatility.

Organization Performance Essay -- Business, The Roles of Managers

Organisational Performance. The term organisation performance relates to the past, present and future-projected performance of an organisation, thus, the performance of an organisation comprises the actual output measured against the intended outputs (Goals and Objectives). The role of managers is to ensure that the performance of the organisation is aligned with attaining the goals and objectives of the organisation, by taking necessary steps to ensure that the work (outputs) of an organisation are also aligned with the overall objectives and goals. Organisation Managers’ sets and projects target that are designed or aim to achieving the objectives that are aligned with the mission of the organisations. This also acts as guidance to staffs, which provides the staffs the sense of direction of the organisation. The Performance targets are set/ compare against previous past performances achievement. In order for performance target to be attained, it must be realistic and achievable. Mann (2002) suggested that the key to long term success is having and communicating a clear vision, mission and strategy. Target setting must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound with acronym; SMART. Performance indicators are tools device used by organisations to measure how well they are performing in relation to their goals and objectives, thus also provides understanding and indicator to organisations stakeholder on how organisation is in track with achieving its target. Acronym KPI; (key performance indicator) are represented in percentages, often used to express and numeric representation of the organisational performance, thus enables a comparison of attained targets and future target setting. Whilst KPI is an eff... ...alysis of this argument indicates that Strategy can also be derived form actions and reactions of everyone within the organisation. The role of Police environment managers and including the SPCP units’ managers’ primary role are to formulate and implement the predetermined force strategy. Individuality of each managers and external factors can influence the leadership style of individual managers. Organisational managers are individual with recognised authorities, authorized to formulate, delegate and implement existing strategy of an organisation, in order to achieve the objectives of the organisation, the Managers must be competent and motivated in their role, in order to motivate others. The managers of the SPCP units’ steers and direct the staffs within towards achieving the objectives of the Strathclyde Police force objectives of making communities safer. Organization Performance Essay -- Business, The Roles of Managers Organisational Performance. The term organisation performance relates to the past, present and future-projected performance of an organisation, thus, the performance of an organisation comprises the actual output measured against the intended outputs (Goals and Objectives). The role of managers is to ensure that the performance of the organisation is aligned with attaining the goals and objectives of the organisation, by taking necessary steps to ensure that the work (outputs) of an organisation are also aligned with the overall objectives and goals. Organisation Managers’ sets and projects target that are designed or aim to achieving the objectives that are aligned with the mission of the organisations. This also acts as guidance to staffs, which provides the staffs the sense of direction of the organisation. The Performance targets are set/ compare against previous past performances achievement. In order for performance target to be attained, it must be realistic and achievable. Mann (2002) suggested that the key to long term success is having and communicating a clear vision, mission and strategy. Target setting must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound with acronym; SMART. Performance indicators are tools device used by organisations to measure how well they are performing in relation to their goals and objectives, thus also provides understanding and indicator to organisations stakeholder on how organisation is in track with achieving its target. Acronym KPI; (key performance indicator) are represented in percentages, often used to express and numeric representation of the organisational performance, thus enables a comparison of attained targets and future target setting. Whilst KPI is an eff... ...alysis of this argument indicates that Strategy can also be derived form actions and reactions of everyone within the organisation. The role of Police environment managers and including the SPCP units’ managers’ primary role are to formulate and implement the predetermined force strategy. Individuality of each managers and external factors can influence the leadership style of individual managers. Organisational managers are individual with recognised authorities, authorized to formulate, delegate and implement existing strategy of an organisation, in order to achieve the objectives of the organisation, the Managers must be competent and motivated in their role, in order to motivate others. The managers of the SPCP units’ steers and direct the staffs within towards achieving the objectives of the Strathclyde Police force objectives of making communities safer.

Literary Semiotics

Literary Semiotics Quite often the terms semiotics and semiology are equal, so that often instead semiotics use semiology and vice versa. Ferdinand de Saussure speaks of the sign and the first makes the distinction between semiotics and semiology. Semiotics is the general theory of signs. Semiology study the functioning of the sign in the social practice. Today avoids this distinction and semiotics equate with semiology, ie, they are synonyms. GENERAL Semiotics: The sign does not exist only in language and literature, but in the film we have and tone as a sign, signs of the folk tradition (clouds as signs, etc.. . The sign is a general phenomenon that exists in all forms of human communication. With the help of the sign announce something. The sign communication across borders communion. It is believed that she sign communication has with animals, plants etc.. Within the general linguistic information and communication there is the literary form of communication between author and r eader, between the work and the reader etc.. Semiotics is shared:First Semantics – which focuses on the relationship between sign and signified; Second Pragmatics – is a discipline that focuses on the relationship between the sign and the reader; Third Syntax, syntax – is a discipline that focuses on the relationship between signs, eg. : Texts as signs books as characters. Semiotics makes several typologies and distinguishes several types of sign systems: First PRIRODOJAZICHNI SYSTEMS – define them as first-and include natural languages, ie national languages (English, French, etc. ).. These are the languages that are characterized by a specific practice use.In these systems each character is in relation to an object (reference) from the reality. Not all characters are specified, does not always mean only objects that exist, which are in reality, but there are also abstract, metaphysical signs that signify something that is not tangible, but still exist s in our consciousness. Second Artificial sign systems – Artificial signs we have in mathematics, science and so on. These signs are called artificial, because they agreed. These include road signs, sign language of the deaf, blind etc.. => Structure is a way of organizing systems.System and structure are inseparable. Third Secondary, secondary sign systems – usually build on existing linguistic systems and does not always refer to things that exist in nature. Literature uses natural language to translate literary, coding, etc. All secondary languages have pre-need of natural language and together constitute some already performed sign systems, such as. Literature. Secondary sign system eg. Myth – iconic, pictorial system. 4th Mixed HIBRIDIZIRANI SIGNS – eg. Essay which combines prirodojazichen system and a secondary sign system and pictorial system. th METAJAZICI – Metajazichni systems, metalanguage thoughts when one language describes another ki nd of language that is already built, eg. Theory of literature has described the literary language. There are meta-meta languages, such as literary criticism, literary methodology etc.. Semiotics distinguished: linguistic and nejazichni signs, verbal and non-verbal. Semiotics distinguishes several types of signs: First -Symbols – symbols are all coded signs and they denotativni. These signs have a high degree of codification and konvencionalnost. In these signs the relationship between the sign and the signified is kodiviciran.Second Sign-image – in these signs the relationship between sign and signified is vividly. Iconic signs konotivni signs. The model has features of artistic creation. Third Sign-INDEX – among them the relationship between sign and signified is causal. These signs are generally semiotic. Example: Where there is smoke there is fire. Among them there is a logical connection that occurs as a result of long-term perception. Eg. before an earthqu ake occurs, animals are disturbed, I felt mean. Also, prior to such disasters, we get information, warnings from other planets. All this belongs to indeksnoto information.Semiotics differs constant and variable signs. The sign indicates the object replaces the subject. Therefore, the sign is viewed by the subject marks. To sign appears must e apostoi need an item to be replaced, to signify. Roman Jakobson describes knizhenosta literary self-referential aesthetic message. Piece of literature at the same time can be referential (aesthetic) and referential. Znakovnosta literature does not exhaust WMO interest signified. The sign is a complex composition (signifier + signified). With signs serving entities, transferring to other entities, which means that there must be an agreement.In literature, there is a higher level of esthetics, but this does not exclude pragmatism. While eg. in journalism, a higher degree of pragmatism, but it does not necessarily mean that there is no aesthetic. There is intertextuality. For example, the parody – there parodiziranje literary work that already exists, we mythema, whose basic text comes from another, previously written text hipotekst. Even in the literature have metajazichnost yet dominate vtorostepenosta. It should be noted and the consideration that relates to the fact that there is a difference between literary and linguistic systems.Some systems faster change, others more slowly. Systems include konvencionalizirani relations imply a certain constancy legality. Speech is practice the kind of language use. Linguistic system is slowly changing. A change in the system of language comes when occurring changes in the conventional system. The change in the lexicon is not a real change in the language, but the change in syntax is a real change, because the syntax is a mirror of the language, it is the soul, the essence of language. In the 20th century resulting rapid and radical changes in literary systems, and in language systems can not change for centuries.Literary system as a secondary Literary Semiotics Systems vary in degree modelativnata power. Systems have a high degree of first instance modelativna power and appeal have lower degree modelativna power. Literature is not that important (secondary) sign system. In the literature, the language system is reorganized in a different way, because prirodojazichniot system is already encoded, he once again coded in the literature, which means that the literary system is doubly coded. = CODE = Code means is prohibited and what is not. The term â€Å"code† is not a purely literary term, but comes from egzaknite sciences (mathematics, computer science).Code shows us the optimal boundary between the forbidden and permitted. Modelativnata power is the ability to present a subject in the form of linguistic or literary figure. The model is a picture of the items indicating displays a single character. Model of the object is displayed in a text can be closer to the world that displays, but can be distant. Therefore, some characters are considered to be relatively more realistic poreferencijalni, open to predmetmetot and others are considered less referential, hermetic and more confined to the subject.Structure prirodojazichniot sign implies a direct connection between the sign and the referent. A literary system that relationship between the sign and the object is indirect, and even invisible. When reading the signs, the whole array of interpretenti that are sorted from other sign with any reader pbuduva whole range of different images, each reader think differently. For example, the term â€Å"Company† each poimuva different: one has a no house, stone house, ruined house, a beautiful house, a house-snail, small house, white house etc.. Models, the image of the subject in the literature represents what must exist, what can be absent.Ordinary language signs poreferencijalni, because the connection between the sign and the m atter may be provieri, and in literature it has not. Some literary characters completely reject referentiality and identify as nereferencijalni or auto-referential. They completely distracted by the relationship between the sign and object, life, the world, etc.. But after Mallarme annulling all those links, they are invisible, and even signs can not signify anything other than themselves. These marks signify themselves and thus resolve the question of the definition of the sign that always means something that exists outside of them.These characters have their origin and their long-lasting tradition. Repealed logical connections between them, or at least invisible at first glance. There are literary characters to a greater extent referential and such that auto-referential, that encourage thinking the sign, except the exact information they want to offer something more to the subject, ie the world who represent; those signs tend to have a broader, more universal information how orga nized life and the world. In the literary system is activated principle sozvuchnost musicality, that activates the eneral signification semiotichnost, which plays a major role in the formation of literary texts that it does not matter what you say, but how you say. There are two completely identical words. Ordinary linguistic signs are distinguished by a high degree of symmetry between the object and the sign by which that object is marked. These signs are harder legible because they distort the image of a world that is marked with this sign; while doing so because of the asymmetry between the sign and the object, ie the world; not think of anything specifically. Literary system is: First secondary, secondary;Second double coded; Third iconic, picturesque, with a high degree modelativnost; 4th relationship between the object and the sign is asymmetric; 5th shows interest in the character and high degree of auto-and at the same time and communication and information. It is believed t hat all these properties of the literary system, its structure shows in a nutshell – the tropics. It is believed that ordinary language tends to conventionalize be used automatically, but literary-art information tends to be something more than mere information. In this sense, ordinary expressions have low informativnost.The purpose of literature is constantly questioned images umrtvile forgotten language, and it achieves when they express will deliver another new context and text and no more primates using automated. What's old, already seen, automated, predictable, does not carry much information. But when you make a transformation, modification context, the degree of unpredictability gives it clear that there is some degree of artistic expression. What is stereotypically can perform literary function only when you are questioned and it will say something new, unknown, unpredictable.In literary communication is very important reader that fits into his measure expectation is already known, conventional, and what exceeds this measure is shocking and purely literary. To develop the system, it should be constantly introduce changes that will have a radical character. It is believed that the literary system is a complex system, because it is simultaneously modelativen iconic communicative, informative etc.. STRUCTURE AND LITERARY-artistic structure The term structure is taken from disciplines that have the exact character. This term means the constitution, construction, structure, composition.Can speak of a connection between the structure and the system (composition pragma). Pragma-linguistic semantic __ decorative what is encountered in all literary genres. Literary form is prezentativen. There is a prejudice that oako speaks of structure, must be taken only strucuturalist method. Strucuturalist method of studying literature immanent – within, regardless of external factors. Structure – nestatichna. This term has its prehistory and predstru kturalistichkiot method. Promotes the emergence of Saussure, then in Prague structuralists in 30 years (Roman Jakobson).The structure is a way of organizing a race, when you are thinking of something dynamic, live outdoors. But it always is a minimum order, which can be viewed transhistoric outside of literature. It shows anthropology and linguistics. Distinguished two levels of understanding society. Archetypal structures – which manifests Oedipus, infanticide, Phaedra, and it asa eglavno negative occurrence. They are constantly renewing, changing WMO their name, the essence is the same. When speaking of the structure, not thinking assemblies, but the relationship between these parts that are different relations.The structure is latent given, you need to be activated to express a given relationship. It is not a material category, but a correlation between at least two parts, as part of one great whole. There must be a ratio of that unit which is higher than those who own par ts. The label may not mean anything. Even the sign is a higher instance. It establishes relations between the sign and the signified. The context shows us how the text structures and includes the subject, as well as the channel through which they passed.The structure is separable elements that make up the parts that build a third instance. It is not equal to the sum of those parts. The idea of structure has its own continuum from Plato onwards. When speaking of a literary work of art can not change the way the author laid the parts. Work itself has a rigid structure, there is coherence. Any literary work of art has a minimum structure, within a text is completed. Structure does not exhaust in terms of the text itself, but continues in the relations between texts that are external.The internal structure is latent, but in proportion with the reader that changes its character. Structure becomes external, opens to a text read in a social context of a given epoch. It opens towards the c ategory of value, ie toward non-literary categories participating in the reader and the author. The text-reader-author is different in the written and oral tradition. In oral literature there is a collective, multidisciplinary artist, oral text is intended for a different kind of reception kolektiviet (holidays protakularni religious rites). The novel is an individual kind.It introduces a new relation to the adoption of the text (information and understanding). In everyday communication relationships are different speakers-reader known. In the literary work of art speaks of aesthetic structure – art. That does not mean that it is polisemantichka multifunctional (educational, ethnic, linguistic, fun, social). Linguistic literary system implies certain conventions. The literary structure is composed of text and context (genre code metajazichnosta all types of channels, psychological, biographical, biological factors).Literary structure implies something conditionally given (tex t). Contextual factors – open. The text is the primary datum in the literature. He builds with just reading and valued. Ultimately, it ends in a new value. Text Literary and artistic text Textus Lat. textus = texture, fabric, specific kind of tissue taken from the material environment and ported in the literature. Text – a literary work of art and represents graphic zvukoven part of the work. It is unchangeable part, material, literary and artistic work that is more complex, consisting of immaterial part style.Literary-may be in oral and written (literary) form. Text changes its status through history is part of the moral language conventions. The text is also linked to the development of human civilization. Associated with civilization signs. Each text is articulated and systematized, it is to communicate with him. The author (individual or collective) and the sign, by linking the text for a long time, and the reader was switched off. Today is considered that the read er can influence those literary conventions. Differences between the literary work of art and literary and artistic text.The text is considered an open category, sign, while the work is closed category, the whole classic with reduced significance. It is a theory of Roland Barthes and structuralists in France. Variability of the text seen in the oral tradition. Textuality is as fixed as a material part of the work. Each text serves not only to inform, but also to communicate. Text as a cultural and artistic means authorship readers act vrednvuanje denial and others. Cultural and artistic text linking at least two dimensions – historical and artistic ontological. There are literary and non-literary texts.

Dignity in Care Essay

Definition of dignity; the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect.(the free dictionary 2011).This definition seems short, however the concept of dignity is more profound, the nurse should use her inner tool thus being feelings , empathy, compassion and use these productively.(Haddock 1996). The reasonable expectation that an older person , may have of dignified, nursing ,care in clean surroundings in hospital is not being fulfilled in some cases This essay will discuss the concepts of dignity, and discuss the importance of dignity in nursing care. Illustrating the significance in protocols, and furthermore, giving the patient the best possible outcome. We shall examine the guidelines set by the Nursing and midwifery council (NMC) and how important it is for nurses to uphold these standards, when delivering care to the patient. We shall also look at the aging process, and how illnesses cannot simply be put down to ‘age’, discussing how medication can affect the elderly and also how it can help. Highlighting the need for nurses not to become robotic at tasks as delicate as the one giving throughout this essay , the need to empathise and give the patient as much dignity as possible. Also looking at infection control, and how critical it is in the clinical setting for the health care team, and also for the patient’s health. Following guidelines from National institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE), the Department of Health (DH) and several studies with regards to infection control , and health matters such as health promotion and how it can empower the patient which can help in their dignity. Looking at how the muti-disciplinary team help with the overall care and how important to work as a team to gain the best outcome. Reviewing my own personal journey as I have done research into dignity and reflect upon my own practice, and how it may change or enhance my future nursing care. Len Chambers is an elderly gentleman in your care. He is not confused or disorientated but is anxious, hard of hearing and physically frail, needing assistance to walk. The doctor has just finished the consultation and tells  you that â€Å"Mr. Chambers needs to go to the toilet†. There is a smell of faeces, Mr. Chamber’s trousers and shoes are wet with urine, and he appears agitated and upset. With reference to the NMC Professional Code of Conduct (2008) describes the actions that you will take to promote and maintain this client’s dignity. MAINBODY The concept of dignity is an individual right, everyone has equal worth has human beings. To treat someone with dignity, is by giving that person worth in a way that values them as an individual, as suggested by Milburn patients like to be recognized and treated with respect (Milburn et al 1995), and with this being their birthright, it must also continue after death. Dignity should be applied equally to people who have the capacity or not, whether that is of a physical or mental state, what must be paramount is the individuals self value and worth. In care circumstances, the concept of dignity can be encouraged or weakened depending on factors such as environment and attitude of healthcare staff. By giving the patient dignity, this then empowers them to make choices, which then gives them confidence to make decisions on their care. (NMC 2008). The code of professional conduct (NMC 2008) will guide my actions, in giving the care for Mr Chambers. The code of conduct states to treat the patient as an individual, and respect their dignity. Approaching Mr Chambers, I would introduce myself and ask him how he would like to be addressed; the rationale for this is to let Mr Chambers know who he is talking to and also gives him the respect of name choice, thus keeping in with the guidelines of the code and promotes autonomy. However reflecting back on my own practice and some male patients can be uncomfortable with a female nurse, I would ask him if he preferred a male nurse to assist him, and taking into account Mr Chambers body language, and the tone of his reply, and also being aware of my own aura at such a sensitive time. Mr Chambers has become incontinent of faeces and urine, an assessment of incontinence would need to be carried out by a specialist nurse, to establish if he is incontinent. Urinary incontinence is a common and distressing problem, taking into account Mr Chambers is anxious, coming from a generation which can be proud in nature,  so it is completely understandable why the need for sensitivity is required. Making sure this is fully explained (after nursing care as been given) to Mr Chambers, and gaining his full consent for a referral to the correct health professional, but before doing so a routine urinalysis test should be carried out, to rule out any infection present, firstly by doing a dipstick test and any signs of infection can then be sent to the correct department for further tests. The fact that Mr Chambers has difficulty walking maybe the only reason he was incontinent, simply because he didn’t make it to the toilet, however in most cases an underlying medical problem maybe present, and referring him to the correct department will be able to rule this out. Age is also a factor according to research , as we age we are more likely to need medication, for blood pressure for instance , and these medications can have an effect on the bladder (Avom.J et al 2003) so maybe a review of his medication can help. The frail elderly (age 65+) are likely to be more intolerant of drugs than their fit age group (Cussack.B.J 1989), and are particularly at risk from, adverse reactions (Williamson .J, Chopin J. 1989) These are the predictable, dose-dependent and common manifestations of toxicity that cause considerable morbidity in the frail population (Thompson JW, Rawlins MD) Mr Chambers has difficulty hearing and this could affect his communication, which could lead to anxiety. By providing the right environment, making time so that the patient does not feel rushed, and Provide some privacy when talking about sensitive and important issues, ensuring the patient has any communication aids that they need e.g. hearing aid, when you are talking to them. (Leveson.R 2007).This upholds the confidentiality, privacy and dignity of Mr Chamber; this is working within the code of practice, of confidentiality and consent. Has Noted Mr Chambers is a frail gentleman who will require assistance with his activities of daily living, and may need to be referred to the continuing health care team to place a package of care for him, also the physiotherapy team to help with his mobility. After gaining consent, and reassuring Mr Chambers we shall work together, offering him the choice of either attending the bathroom, or wishing to stay in the bay area. This is adhering to the code of collaborating with the ones  in your care (NMC 2008). Mr Chambers appears agitated and upset, whilst faecal/urine incontinence can have a psychological affect on him. Studies have shown this can be; tearfulness stress, distress, anxiety, exhaustion, feeling dirty, anger, humiliation, depression, isolation, secrecy, frustration and embarrassment (Chelvanayagam S, Norton C 2000.) To avoid any further humiliation, and suggesting to Mr Chambers a shower would be appropriate, however before doing so, assist him to undress and wash in the bay area first, to avoid walking down the ward in his current circumstances. The rationale for doing this is to keep Mr Chambers dignity, thus avoiding more distress. Gathering the equipment required to carry out this task and following guidelines/polices o f infection control. Infection Control; It is estimated that health care infection (HCAI) affects one in 10 national health service (NHS) patients each year, and costs the NHS one billion per year. (DH 2003) The hands of healthcare workers can be one of the main sources of transmitting infection, therefore it is vital hands are washed at every patient contact, and any connection with contaminated equipment (DH 2001).However studies have been shown that the technique of hand washing is generally not carried out properly (creedon 2005). A selection of protective equipment should be based on an assessment of the risk of transmission of bacteria to the patient, and the risk of contamination of the healthcare practitioner’s clothing and skin by patients body fluids, secretions or excretions.(NICE 2003) The rationale for following the protocols of infection control is to minimise /eradicate the risk of transmissions of infections, and reflecting back on my own practice ,this assures the patient that you are clean, and also prompts/promotes them to wash their hands which will reduce any infection. In the NMC code of conduct 2008 states to ‘make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity’ (NMC 2008). Keeping Mr Chambers dignity in thought, and maintaining health promotion, I assist him to undress and wash, asking his preferences and how he normally carries out this task, encouraging him when needed, this helps promote confidence in his own abilities. Gaining his consent, with regard to assisting him in bathroom to shower, and if he would like hospital garments if he has no clean garments, as he can be anxious about his soiled clothing. Assisting , Mr Chambers to wash hard to reach areas ,however also to give him independence  when necessary, having the patience and time to listen to his needs, and actively listening how he may have done things in his own environment, can help with dignity. Patient-centred nursing is a style of practice that demonstrates a respect for the patient as a person. Through ‘being with’ rather than merely ‘doing to’ the patient and offering personal support and practical expertise(Nursing Times 2005) Has Mr Chamber needs assistance when mobile, a referral to the physiotherapist will be required. Furthermore, to Use this opportunity to assess how Mr Chambers copes with his Activities of daily living (ADL). The rationale is to see how much assistance Mr Chambers requires, and to inform the correct health care professional of any progress, in addition to this making sure the correct data (e.g. Risk assessments, personal preferences), is transferred to his file and to avoid any inconsistencies, also to elude any awkward situations in his future nursing care. Reflecting on Mr. Chambers and the care provided how difficult it must be for an elderly to be independent all their lives then having a younger person to take over their care. This generation seems notoriously proud, and keeping within policies of care, and trying to give him his dignity, is quite hard to balance, an example of this would be infection control, having to wear gowns and gloves because of protocols, however this must be degrading in some respects for Mr Chambers. These procedures can have an effect on him psychologically, conversely he may understand if I explained to him why these measures are in place. Seeing Mr Chambers upset can be daunting at first, but to realise why he his upset is the key to a happy outcome. So communication is very important in this situation, and to actively listen to his concerns will also be very beneficial to me as a nurse. For instance he may state how he keeps soiling himself, would suggest he has incontinence problems rather, other than he just couldn’t make it to the bathroom. Mr. Chambers mobility was an issue, and again this must be difficult to express to younger active person, it would most probably also be embarrassing, as they were young once, and after all it is the body that ages. My concern would be to try and empathise with him, and keep the communication open using methods such as eye contact and body language to help me, and maybe use an experience of my own, such as family members, which may help him relax some more, and hope that this helps my future practice . When you feel dignified, you have the sense of self  Ã¢â‚¬â€œworth, confident, happy , it also builds a trust with the person who is nursing you , without it you can feel devalued, no confidence, low self –esteem thus leading to patients unable to carry out tasks such as (ADLs) where they maybe of been capable of doing so before. I aim to enhance my Nursing care and hope that I learn something new in every given situation, to help build on my knowledge which in turn will give excellent care to the most important person the patient, and also to share my knowledge within the team of healthcare professionals, and in turn learn from others experience and value each patient like you would your own family regardless of their condition, mood ,ethnicity, religion we are all equals and sometimes this can be lost in organizations. Nursing is lifelong learning matter, and patients can be unpredictable everyday is new, challenges will arise from patients, demands will have to be met, stressful situations will be dealt with, but this is the profession I choose to be in, and my future Nursing will always be to remain professional, Contrary to this what should be predictable, or should be practiced throughout the healthcare settings is the concept of dignity. I will continue to reflect on my own practice and learn more from every given situation whilst keeping within the code of conduct set out by the NMC. REFERENCES Avom R (2003) principles of pharmacology newyork springer Chelvanayagarns (2000) Quality of life with faecal incontinence problems. Nursing times 2000 pg 6 Creedon (2005) compliance with recommended guidelines. J adv nurs( pg 208-216) Cussack BJ (1986 ) special considerations in the elderly ;the practice of geriactrics Boston Department of Health (2001) Standard principles for preventing hospital-Aquired infection . J Hosp Infect.47-48 Department of Health (2003) Winning Ways: Working Together to Reduce Healthcare Associated Infection in England. London: DOH Haddock (1996) Journal of Advanced Nursing 1996 Nov;24(5):924-31. Levenson, R. (2007). The challenge of Dignity in Care: Upholding the rights of the individual. Help the Aged: London. Milburn et al (1995) www.intermid.co.uk Accessed online (20/7/2011) NMC (2001,2008) www.nmc-uk.org/) Accessed online (18/7/2011) Nursing Times (2005) A systematic approach to the improvement of patient care. VOL: 101, ISSUE: 24, PAGE NO: 34-36 Nice (2003) w.nice.org.uk/nice/pdf/22_FINALpressrelease_infewwctioncontro. Accessed online (18/07/2011) The free Dictionary (2011) www.thefreedictionary.com.dignity. Accessed online (20/07/2011) Thompson JW, Rawlins MD. (1998) Journal of Medicine, New Series 68, No. 255, pp. 505-506. Williamson J, Choplin J (1988) British Medical journal (Clin Res Ed). 1988 ; 296(6636): 1551–1552.

Sexual Abuse Essays - Rape, Sex Crimes, Sexual Abuse, Free Essays

Sexual Abuse Essays - Rape, Sex Crimes, Sexual Abuse, Free Essays Sexual Abuse Michael Stiefvater Sexual Abuse At one time I thought about how child sexual abuse was growing concern in our society. Stories and interviews on TV and in the paper would keep me aware, but I always thought about how it was always happening to everyone else. One figure that lingered around in my mind was that one in six children would be a victim of sexual abuse. Having six children of my own I thought of these statistics. Knocking on wood so to speak, until it happened in our family. Sexual abuse can destroy a family, especially when the perpetrator is considered a member of the family. It is frustrating when someone that is trusted betrays that trust. Family members become angry , divided and deny that anything is wrong. The effects on the victim is the toughest thing to deal with. The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) defines child abuse and neglect as at a minimum, any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm. Some states have exceptions, but the term child refers to someone not yet 18. Then CAPTA defines sexual abuse as: the employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist any other person to engage in, any sexual explicit conduct or simulation of such conduct for the purpose of producing a visual depiction of such conduct; or the rape, and in cases of caretaker or inter-familial relationships, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, or any other form of sexual exploitation of children, or incest with children.

Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis

Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis Achieving Parallel Structure in Sentences with Parenthesis By Mark Nichol When a sentence includes a form of parenthesis- a word, phrase, or clause framed by a pair of commas, dashes, or parentheses- writers must take care that the statement surrounding the interjection is structurally valid so that if the optional parenthesis is omitted, the remaining wording is still coherent. To test whether the sentence’s composition is complete, temporarily omit the interjection, then repair any syntactical and grammatical issues that manifest themselves before reinstating (or restating) the parenthesis. 1. He is considered to be one of, if not the, deadliest assassin in the empire. This sentence, without the parenthesis, is â€Å"He is considered to be one of deadliest assassin in the empire.† This faulty construction demonstrates that the article the must appear in the main clause before the interjection to form a complete sentence, and assassin must be in plural form to correspond with the modifying phrase â€Å"one of the† (â€Å"He is considered to be one of the deadliest assassins in the empire†); in addition, a repetition of deadliest must be inserted into the parenthesis to form a complete thought: â€Å"He is considered one of the deadliest assassins, if not the deadliest, in the empire.† (The extraneous â€Å"to be† has been deleted as well.) 2. Effective risk management can help predict- and prevent- major implementation problems from occurring. In this case, the wording that remains after the parenthesis is excised- â€Å"Effective risk management can help predict major implementation problems from occurring†- is syntactically flawed, because â€Å"from occurring† modifies prevent but not predict. For the sentence to make sense, that phrase should be inserted into the interjection: â€Å"Effective risk management can help predict- and prevent from occurring- major implementation problems.† Better yet, integrate the interjection (with a pronoun standing in for a repeat of â€Å"major implementation problems†) into the main clause: â€Å"Effective risk management can help predict major implementation problems and prevent them from occurring.† 3. This has not (and should not) prevent smart companies from taking advantage of innovation. With the parenthesis in this sentence removed, the remaining statement is â€Å"This has not prevent smart companies from taking advantage of innovation.† Because â€Å"has not† and â€Å"should not† must be accompanied by differing forms of prevent, both forms of the verb, one in the main clause and one in the parenthesis, should be employed: â€Å"This has not prevented (and should not prevent) smart companies from taking advantage of innovation.† Note that the three forms of punctuation are interchangeable, although their functions vary slightly: Commas are neutral, parentheses suggest that the information is incidental, and dashes signal information that is divergent or unexpected. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With26 Feel-Good WordsSit vs. Set

Recent International Contribution on Climate change Essay

Recent International Contribution on Climate change - Essay Example Global warming has lead to significant climate change around the world due to the unchecked human activities and the consequences of the global warming can be observed in very many ways; there is glacial melting in the world highest known mountains. The glacial melting is caused by the rise in the global temperature to the extent that the bonds holding the water molecules in a solid state are weakened allowing the ice to flow down the slope. Sporadic weather and climatic have also characterized the global climatic change leading o varied agricultural yields as well as extinction of indigenous flora and fauna. Global warming thus is perceived by the environmental experts to worsen in the future if the necessary mitigation measures are not taken in the most opportune time possible. The effect of the global warming in climate change has attracted the attention of the international bodies and several conventions have been held to find a lasting solution in ending human activities that accelerates global warming. In the conventions, some of the factors that have been singled as the major contributors of the global warming include, industrial emissions in the industrialized countries coupled with wanton clearing of the natural forests in the developing countries. All these activities contribute to the accumulation of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, a recipe for global warming.

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Compare and contrast - Essay Example This article includes two of the famous speeches delivered by prolific individuals taking part in the debate, highlighting the comparison, context and writers’ overall views on slavery and the country. Abraham Lincoln and James Henry were key figures in the slavery debate and through their contributions that included public speeches on their positions; they made much impact that shaped the direction of the debate. The striking similarity is the importance with which these two gentlemen introduced into the debate that was very important to the American society. Lincoln’s â€Å"Speech in Peoria† deeply expressed slavery issues in a passionate way just as Henry’s â€Å"Letter to English Abolitionists† did. The reader is able to extract the strong character of the two personalities that these gentlemen were from their documents1. However, there are a few contrasting issues that emerge from an analysis of the two documents. On one hand, it appears that Lincoln advocates for the abolition of slavery which defines his historical engagement with the American political scenes. Lincoln delivered his speech in reiteration of the repealing of the Missouri Compromise that was powerful in prohibiting slavery in some parts of the United States2. This powerful document acted as a conflict resolving compromise agreed by the two sides of the debate on slavery in the United States. By delivering the Speech in Peoria, Lincoln was delivering his opinion and that of the antislavery campaigners who obviously stood disadvantaged from the unfortunate repeal decision that meant verification and authentication of slavery (Lincoln Institute, 1). On the other hand, the Letter to English Abolitionists prepared by Henry was delivered at a time when the standoff on slavery was still fresh. Henry contributions, unlike those contained in Lincoln’s speech seemed to favour slavery